yuya_takahashi_

Pine講座㊿ バックテスト|ZigZag PA Strategy V4.1 の解説(パターンとフィボナッチによる売買)

تعليم
yuya_takahashi_ تم تحديثه   
FX:EURUSD   يورو / دولار أمريكى
すごいストラテジーを見つけました。

1.ジグザグを算出
2.フィボナッチを算出
3.ジグザグでパターンを認識
4.パターンとフィボナッチの条件を満たせばエントリー
5.フィボナッチによる利確と損切り

これをひとつのストラテジーで実現しています。
これはめちゃくちゃ勉強になりました。

エリオット波動とかパターン分析の良いところは、

・すばやいエントリーと決済
・明確な値幅が算出できる

あたりだと考えています。

価格を加工すればするほど、
それをエントリーや決済の基準にするのは
難しくなるイメージです。

※ 解説はコードの中で

※ コピペする場合は以下の変更を行ってください
[](全角の角括弧)→(半角の角括弧)
(全角スペース)→(半角スペース)

=====
//@version=2

// ストラテジーの宣言
// ピラミッティングなし、通貨:usd、元金10万ドル
strategy(title='[STRATEGY][RS]ZigZag PA Strategy V4.1', shorttitle='S', overlay=true, pyramiding=0, initial_capital=100000, currency=currency.USD)

//
// 設定項目
////

// 平均足を使うか
useHA    = input(false, title='Use Heikken Ashi Candles')
// 代わりの時間軸を使うか(Alt=altemate?)
useAltTF   = input(true, title='Use Alt Timeframe')
tf     = input('60', title='Alt Timeframe')
// チャートに表示するしない
showPatterns = input(true, title='Show Patterns')
showFib0000 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.000:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib0236 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.236:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib0382 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.382:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib0500 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.500:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib0618 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.618:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib0764 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 0.764:', type=bool, defval=true)
showFib1000 = input(title='Display Fibonacci 1.000:', type=bool, defval=true)

// ジグザグを算出する関数を作成
// 頂点にあたるときのみ、その値を返す
// 頂点以外のときはnaを返す
// ロジック:反対の足が2本連続 → 転換とする
////

zigzag() =>
  _isUp = close >= open
  _isDown = close <= open
  _direction = _isUp[1] and _isDown ? -1 : _isDown[1] and _isUp ? 1 : nz(_direction[1])
  _zigzag = _isUp[1] and _isDown and _direction[1] != -1 ? highest(2) : _isDown[1] and _isUp and _direction[1] != 1 ? lowest(2) : na

// ジグザグの算出と描画
// 平均足と時間軸の設定はここで反映
////

_ticker = useHA ? heikenashi(tickerid) : tickerid
sz = useAltTF ? (change(time(tf)) != 0 ? security(_ticker, tf, zigzag()) : na) : zigzag()
plot(sz, title='zigzag', color=black, linewidth=2)

//
// パターンを識別する
////

// ジグザグが発生したときのジグザグの値を取得
x = valuewhen(sz, sz, 4)
a = valuewhen(sz, sz, 3)
b = valuewhen(sz, sz, 2) //3つ前
c = valuewhen(sz, sz, 1) //前々回
d = valuewhen(sz, sz, 0) //前回

xab = (abs(b-a)/abs(x-a))
xad = (abs(a-d)/abs(x-a))
abc = (abs(b-c)/abs(a-b))
bcd = (abs(c-d)/abs(b-c))

// 5つの点の比率からパターンを判断する関数
isBat(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.382 and xab <= 0.5
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.618 and bcd <= 2.618
  _xad = xad <= 0.618 and xad <= 1.000  // 0.886
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAntiBat(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.500 and xab <= 0.886  // 0.618
  _abc = abc >= 1.000 and abc <= 2.618  // 1.13 --> 2.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.618 and bcd <= 2.618  // 2.0 --> 2.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.886 and xad <= 1.000  // 1.13
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAltBat(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab <= 0.382
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 2.0 and bcd <= 3.618
  _xad = xad <= 1.13
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isButterfly(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab <= 0.786
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.618 and bcd <= 2.618
  _xad = xad >= 1.27 and xad <= 1.618
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAntiButterfly(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.236 and xab <= 0.886  // 0.382 - 0.618
  _abc = abc >= 1.130 and abc <= 2.618  // 1.130 - 2.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.000 and bcd <= 1.382  // 1.27
  _xad = xad >= 0.500 and xad <= 0.886  // 0.618 - 0.786
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isABCD(_mode)=>
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.13 and bcd <= 2.618
  _abc and _bcd and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isGartley(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.5 and xab <= 0.618 // 0.618
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.13 and bcd <= 2.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.75 and xad <= 0.875 // 0.786
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAntiGartley(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.500 and xab <= 0.886  // 0.618 -> 0.786
  _abc = abc >= 1.000 and abc <= 2.618  // 1.130 -> 2.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.500 and bcd <= 5.000  // 1.618
  _xad = xad >= 1.000 and xad <= 5.000  // 1.272
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isCrab(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.500 and xab <= 0.875  // 0.886
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.886  
  _bcd = bcd >= 2.000 and bcd <= 5.000  // 3.618
  _xad = xad >= 1.382 and xad <= 5.000  // 1.618
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAntiCrab(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.250 and xab <= 0.500  // 0.276 -> 0.446
  _abc = abc >= 1.130 and abc <= 2.618  // 1.130 -> 2.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.618 and bcd <= 2.618  // 1.618 -> 2.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.500 and xad <= 0.750  // 0.618
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isShark(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.500 and xab <= 0.875  // 0.5 --> 0.886
  _abc = abc >= 1.130 and abc <= 1.618  //
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.270 and bcd <= 2.240  //
  _xad = xad >= 0.886 and xad <= 1.130  // 0.886 --> 1.13
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isAntiShark(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.382 and xab <= 0.875  // 0.446 --> 0.618
  _abc = abc >= 0.500 and abc <= 1.000  // 0.618 --> 0.886
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.250 and bcd <= 2.618  // 1.618 --> 2.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.500 and xad <= 1.250  // 1.130 --> 1.130
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

is5o(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 1.13 and xab <= 1.618
  _abc = abc >= 1.618 and abc <= 2.24
  _bcd = bcd >= 0.5 and bcd <= 0.625 // 0.5
  _xad = xad >= 0.0 and xad <= 0.236 // negative?
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isWolf(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 1.27 and xab <= 1.618
  _abc = abc >= 0 and abc <= 5
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.27 and bcd <= 1.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.0 and xad <= 5
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isHnS(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 2.0 and xab <= 10
  _abc = abc >= 0.90 and abc <= 1.1
  _bcd = bcd >= 0.236 and bcd <= 0.88
  _xad = xad >= 0.90 and xad <= 1.1
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isConTria(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 0.382 and xab <= 0.618
  _abc = abc >= 0.382 and abc <= 0.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 0.382 and bcd <= 0.618
  _xad = xad >= 0.236 and xad <= 0.764
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

isExpTria(_mode)=>
  _xab = xab >= 1.236 and xab <= 1.618
  _abc = abc >= 1.000 and abc <= 1.618
  _bcd = bcd >= 1.236 and bcd <= 2.000
  _xad = xad >= 2.000 and xad <= 2.236
  _xab and _abc and _bcd and _xad and (_mode == 1 ? d < c : d > c)

// 売りパターンが出現したところに印を表示
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isABCD(-1) and not isABCD(-1)[1], text="\nAB=CD", title='Bear ABCD', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0, offset=-2)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isBat(-1) and not isBat(-1)[1], text="Bat", title='Bear Bat', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0, offset=-2)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiBat(-1) and not isAntiBat(-1)[1], text="Anti Bat", title='Bear Anti Bat', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0, offset=-2)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAltBat(-1) and not isAltBat(-1)[1], text="Alt Bat", title='Bear Alt Bat', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isButterfly(-1) and not isButterfly(-1)[1], text="Butterfly", title='Bear Butterfly', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiButterfly(-1) and not isAntiButterfly(-1)[1], text="Anti Butterfly", title='Bear Anti Butterfly', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isGartley(-1) and not isGartley(-1)[1], text="Gartley", title='Bear Gartley', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiGartley(-1) and not isAntiGartley(-1)[1], text="Anti Gartley", title='Bear Anti Gartley', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isCrab(-1) and not isCrab(-1)[1], text="Crab", title='Bear Crab', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiCrab(-1) and not isAntiCrab(-1)[1], text="Anti Crab", title='Bear Anti Crab', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isShark(-1) and not isShark(-1)[1], text="Shark", title='Bear Shark', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiShark(-1) and not isAntiShark(-1)[1], text="Anti Shark", title='Bear Anti Shark', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : is5o(-1) and not is5o(-1)[1], text="5-O", title='Bear 5-O', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isWolf(-1) and not isWolf(-1)[1], text="Wolf Wave", title='Bear Wolf Wave', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isHnS(-1) and not isHnS(-1)[1], text="Head and Shoulders", title='Bear Head and Shoulders', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isConTria(-1) and not isConTria(-1)[1], text="Contracting Triangle", title='Bear Contracting triangle', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isExpTria(-1) and not isExpTria(-1)[1], text="Expanding Triangle", title='Bear Expanding Triangle', style=shape.labeldown, color=maroon, textcolor=white, location=location.top, transp=0)

// 買いパターンが出現したところに印を表示
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isABCD(1) and not isABCD(1)[1], text="AB=CD\n", title='Bull ABCD', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isBat(1) and not isBat(1)[1], text="Bat", title='Bull Bat', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiBat(1) and not isAntiBat(1)[1], text="Anti Bat", title='Bull Anti Bat', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAltBat(1) and not isAltBat(1)[1], text="Alt Bat", title='Bull Alt Bat', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isButterfly(1) and not isButterfly(1)[1], text="Butterfly", title='Bull Butterfly', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiButterfly(1) and not isAntiButterfly(1)[1], text="Anti Butterfly", title='Bull Anti Butterfly', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isGartley(1) and not isGartley(1)[1], text="Gartley", title='Bull Gartley', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiGartley(1) and not isAntiGartley(1)[1], text="Anti Gartley", title='Bull Anti Gartley', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isCrab(1) and not isCrab(1)[1], text="Crab", title='Bull Crab', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiCrab(1) and not isAntiCrab(1)[1], text="Anti Crab", title='Bull Anti Crab', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isShark(1) and not isShark(1)[1], text="Shark", title='Bull Shark', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isAntiShark(1) and not isAntiShark(1)[1], text="Anti Shark", title='Bull Anti Shark', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : is5o(1) and not is5o(1)[1], text="5-O", title='Bull 5-O', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isWolf(1) and not isWolf(1)[1], text="Wolf Wave", title='Bull Wolf Wave', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isHnS(1) and not isHnS(1)[1], text="Head and Shoulders", title='Bull Head and Shoulders', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isConTria(1) and not isConTria(1)[1], text="Contracting Triangle", title='Bull Contracting Triangle', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)
plotshape(not showPatterns ? na : isExpTria(1) and not isExpTria(1)[1], text="Expanding Triangle", title='Bull Expanding Triangle', style=shape.labelup, color=green, textcolor=white, location=location.bottom, transp=0)

//前回と前回のジグザグの値からフィボナッチを描画
fib_range = abs(d-c)
fib_0000 = not showFib0000 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.000):d+(fib_range*0.000)
fib_0236 = not showFib0236 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.236):d+(fib_range*0.236)
fib_0382 = not showFib0382 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.382):d+(fib_range*0.382)
fib_0500 = not showFib0500 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.500):d+(fib_range*0.500)
fib_0618 = not showFib0618 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.618):d+(fib_range*0.618)
fib_0764 = not showFib0764 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*0.764):d+(fib_range*0.764)
fib_1000 = not showFib1000 ? na : d > c ? d-(fib_range*1.000):d+(fib_range*1.000)
plot(title='Fib 0.000', series=fib_0000, color=fib_0000 != fib_0000[1] ? na : black)
plot(title='Fib 0.236', series=fib_0236, color=fib_0236 != fib_0236[1] ? na : red)
plot(title='Fib 0.382', series=fib_0382, color=fib_0382 != fib_0382[1] ? na : olive)
plot(title='Fib 0.500', series=fib_0500, color=fib_0500 != fib_0500[1] ? na : lime)
plot(title='Fib 0.618', series=fib_0618, color=fib_0618 != fib_0618[1] ? na : teal)
plot(title='Fib 0.764', series=fib_0764, color=fib_0764 != fib_0764[1] ? na : blue)
plot(title='Fib 1.000', series=fib_1000, color=fib_1000 != fib_1000[1] ? na : black)

// 代わりの時間軸を使っている場合、その足が更新されるタイミングで背景に黒を入れる
bgcolor(not useAltTF ? na : change(time(tf)) != 0 ? black : na)

//
// 売買のロジック
////

//「fib_rangeに対する指定された比率の幅」を返す関数
f_last_fib( _rate ) => d > c ? d - ( fib_range * _rate ) : d + ( fib_range * _rate )

// ターゲット1の設定項目と初期値
////

// 上から
// 取引量
// エントリーの基準(0.236を超えていない)
// 利益確定幅
// ロスカット幅

target01_trade_size = input(title='Target 1 - Trade size:', type=float, defval=10000.00)
target01_ew_rate  = input(title='Target 1 - Fib. Rate to use for Entry Window:', type=float, defval=0.236)
target01_tp_rate  = input(title='Target 1 - Fib. Rate to use for TP:', type=float, defval=0.618)
target01_sl_rate  = input(title='Target 1 - Fib. Rate to use for SL:', type=float, defval=-0.236)

// ターゲット2の設定
////

target02_active   = input(title='Target 2 - Active?', type=bool, defval=false)
target02_trade_size = input(title='Target 2 - Trade size:', type=float, defval=10000.00)
target02_ew_rate  = input(title='Target 2 - Fib. Rate to use for Entry Window:', type=float, defval=0.236)
target02_tp_rate  = input(title='Target 2 - Fib. Rate to use for TP:', type=float, defval=1.618)
target02_sl_rate  = input(title='Target 2 - Fib. Rate to use for SL:', type=float, defval=-0.236)

// 買いのパターン
buy_patterns_00 = isABCD(1) or isBat(1) or isAltBat(1) or isButterfly(1) or isGartley(1) or isCrab(1) or isShark(1) or is5o(1) or isWolf(1) or isHnS(1) or isConTria(1) or isExpTria(1)
buy_patterns_01 = isAntiBat(1) or isAntiButterfly(1) or isAntiGartley(1) or isAntiCrab(1) or isAntiShark(1)

// 売りのパターン
sel_patterns_00 = isABCD(-1) or isBat(-1) or isAltBat(-1) or isButterfly(-1) or isGartley(-1) or isCrab(-1) or isShark(-1) or is5o(-1) or isWolf(-1) or isHnS(-1) or isConTria(-1) or isExpTria(-1)
sel_patterns_01 = isAntiBat(-1) or isAntiButterfly(-1) or isAntiGartley(-1) or isAntiCrab(-1) or isAntiShark(-1)

// ターゲット1の売買
////

// 買いのパターン & エントリーの基準を満たす → 買いエントリー
// 利確・損切りを超える → 買いの決済
target01_buy_entry = (buy_patterns_00 or buy_patterns_01) and close <= f_last_fib(target01_ew_rate)
target01_buy_close = high >= f_last_fib(target01_tp_rate) or low <= f_last_fib(target01_sl_rate)
strategy.entry('target01_buy', long=strategy.long, qty=target01_trade_size, comment='buy 01', when=target01_buy_entry)
strategy.close('target01_buy', when=target01_buy_close)

// 売りのパターン & エントリーの基準を満たす → 売りエントリー
// 利確・損切りを超える → 売りの決済
target01_sel_entry = (sel_patterns_00 or sel_patterns_01) and close >= f_last_fib(target01_ew_rate)
target01_sel_close = low <= f_last_fib(target01_tp_rate) or high >= f_last_fib(target01_sl_rate)
strategy.entry('target01_sell', long=strategy.short, qty=target01_trade_size, comment='sell 01', when=target01_sel_entry)
strategy.close('target01_sell', when=target01_sel_close)

// ターゲット2の売買
////

target02_buy_entry = target02_active and (buy_patterns_00 or buy_patterns_01) and close <= f_last_fib(target02_ew_rate)
target02_buy_close = target02_active and high >= f_last_fib(target02_tp_rate) or low <= f_last_fib(target02_sl_rate)
strategy.entry('target02_buy', long=strategy.long, qty=target02_trade_size, comment='buy 02', when=target02_buy_entry)
strategy.close('target02_buy', when=target02_buy_close)

target02_sel_entry = target02_active and (sel_patterns_00 or sel_patterns_01) and close >= f_last_fib(target02_ew_rate)
target02_sel_close = target02_active and low <= f_last_fib(target02_tp_rate) or high >= f_last_fib(target02_sl_rate)
strategy.entry('target02_sell', long=strategy.short, qty=target02_trade_size, comment='sell 02', when=target02_sel_entry)
strategy.close('target02_sell', when=target02_sel_close)
=====
تعليق:
次の講座
تعليق:
コードがうまく動かない場合はこちらを参考にしてみてください
gyazo.com/ffd1241c11...c8b86b7cf9d11a80f9c0

小次郎講師公式インジケーターのお申込
bit.ly/2vdSV4Q

小次郎講師のLINE@
bit.ly/2VZQFu3

小次郎講師のチャート情報局
bit.ly/2GvLAEp
إخلاء المسؤولية

لا يُقصد بالمعلومات والمنشورات أن تكون، أو تشكل، أي نصيحة مالية أو استثمارية أو تجارية أو أنواع أخرى من النصائح أو التوصيات المقدمة أو المعتمدة من TradingView. اقرأ المزيد في شروط الاستخدام.